Shi'a organizations under saddam Hussein in contemporary Iraq (1970-1990)

A study of the Iraqi Shi‘a religious establishment (the *ḥawza*) during the two decades of repression under Saddam Hussein’s Ba‘thist regime (1979–2003). This research aims to recover this understudied chapter of Iraqi history by employing a historical-prosopographical approach, alongside institutional and socio-economic historical analysis. In particular, the study will examine the acts of organization and resistance—largely invisible—carried out under the dictatorship that built the *ḥawza*’s institutional and communal strength. To this end, the research will map the Shi‘a clerical landscape, focusing specifically on its socio-economic activities and the role of the *wukalāʾ* (local clerical delegates).